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Core components of intelligent information world

The luminescent layer is called multiple quantum well (MQW), in which MQW composed of InGaAs and AlGaAs is the most suitable

*The ratio of indium (in) can determine the wavelength of laser emission
P-DBR and n-dbr are the upper and lower parts of MQW emitting layer, which are used to screen out the "pure" light of specific wavelength. Since the direction of the outgoing light is usually at the top, a layer of substrate is needed at the bottom

Good integration

Be easy to make two-dimensional integrated devices
Good reliability

Be not affected by optical catastrophic damage, and its life is more than 10⁷h
Produced in large quantities

The fabrication and packaging process is compatible with LED
Controllable production cost

Application of LED production and packaging technology
Good beam quality

Circular spot can emit single transverse mode beam, reduce the complexity and cost of beam coupling and beam shaping system, and has high coupling efficiency with optical fiber
Wavelength uniformity and spectral linewidth during the period

The standard deviation of resonant wavelength of 4 inch epitaxial wafers is less than 2 nm, and the FWHM of edge emitting devices is 3 ~ 5 nm
Single vertical modeling

The VCSEL cavity is short in length (wavelength order) and has large longitudinal mode spacing
High modulation bandwidth

A very small cavity size can obtain a larger relaxation oscillation frequency, and the modulation bandwidth is > 20GHz
Wavelength stability

The rate of change with temperature is 1 / 5 of edge emission

3D Sensing

VCSEL is key component in 3D sensing for consumer electronics. By 2020, VCSEL market for smartphones is expected to reach $2B.
Datacom/Cloud computing

Global VCSEL market for datacom is expected to reach 10 billion dollar.
IoT

VCSEL is key sensing device for IoT. By 2025, billions of ports will be connected in IoT. Global market for IoT is expected to exceed 30 trillion dollar.
Automotive

VCSEL will be widely used in sensing and communication in auto-pilot cars. By 2030, Lidar usage will exceed 300 million.